Great stuff on U.S. Empire by John Gray

Have a Nice Empire in 2006!









British Philosopher John Gray has a great piece on the future in the American Empire in the new issue of the New York of Books which is becoming once again one of my favorite magazines. He reviews the news books by Robert Kaplan and Michael Mandelbaum and demolishes both the arguments in favor of Empire (Kaplan) and "Empire-lite" (Mandelbaum). Gray contends that unlike the British, the Americans are not ready and don't have the resources and patience to build an empire. And he calls on the U.S. to work with other great powers to establish global stability. The piece is long but worth reading. And BTW, I raise similar points in my new book, "Sandstorm: Policy Failure in the Middle East" (see links). Also I post here one of my old commentaries which deals with the problems facing the American Empire.



US Ambitions Need Reality Check

by Leon Hadar
by Leon Hadar


The American invasion of Afghanistan and Iran has ignited hopes among Washington's neoconservatives that the US, taking advantage of the post-Cold War unipolar moment and its dominant military power, would be gradually transformed into a global empire.

So the debate among neocons range over such topics as: Will Iran and/or Syria and/or North Korea be the next target for American-led "regime change"? Will American take steps to contain the rise of China as a potential challenger to its hegemonic power which could lead to war between the two powers? Is the US encouraging a split in Europe to prevent the emergence of a powerful European Union that could contain US economic and military power?

But the insurgency in "liberated" Iraq two years after US President George W Bush declared that "major combat operations in Iraq have ended" against the backdrop of a banner proclaiming "Mission Accomplished," have raised doubts about whether Washington can produce reruns of Iraq in Iran or other countries.

Winning the war of images

So it's not surprising that much of the neocon-produced propaganda in recent months has been aimed at trying to counter-spin the depressing reality in Mesopotamia by suggesting that a "tipping point" was about to be reached at any moment in Baghdad, and that it would mark the defeat of the anti-American insurgency and the triumph of "freedom" in Iraq.

These neocons have already celebrated several such tipping points – the bringing down of Saddam Hussein's statue in Baghdad, the capture of the Iraqi dictator and the killing of his sons, the "handover of sovereignty" to a provisional Iraqi government; the invasion of Fallujah (actually, its re-invasion and destruction); and finally, the parliamentary election on Jan. 30 in that country.

As journalist Mark Danner noted in an article in the New York Review of Books, each of these events has been highly successful as an example of "the management of images – the toppling of Saddam's statue, the intrusive examination of the unkempt former dictator's mouth and beard, the handing of documents of sovereignty from coalition leader L Paul Bremer to Iraqi leader Iyad Allawi, the voters happily waving their purple fingers – and each image has powerfully affirmed the broader story of what American leaders promised citizens the Iraq war would be."

What they promised, Danner pointed out, was "a war of liberation to unseat a brutal dictator, rid him of his weapons of mass destruction, and free his imprisoned people, who would respond with gratitude and friendship, allowing American troops to return very quickly home."

But as these images dissolved into thin air, it became difficult to fit the "pseudo events" into the storyline promoted by the neocons that was supposed to bring about freedom and peace in that country.

The anti-American insurgency has resumed in full force. The election proved to be a triumph not of American-style liberty but of the victory of Shiite identity and Kurdish nationalism over the Sunnis. America is being drawn into what is gradually evolving into a low-level civil war.

Apparently we have to wait for another of those tipping points.

Meanwhile in the Real World, as opposed to the universe of "pseudo events" and wishful thinking, there are some indications that economic and military pressures are making it a Mission Impossible to accomplish the imperial fantasies concocted in think tanks in Washington by American intellectuals who have never met a war they didn't like (as long as they don't have to actually fight in it).

Both the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times reported last week that the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff concluded in a classified analysis presented to Congress that the strains imposed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have made it far more difficult for the US military to beat back new acts of aggression and launch a preemptive strike or prevent conflict in another part of the world.

Indeed, in what the LA Times described as "a sober assessment of the Pentagon's ability to deal with global threats," General Richard B Myers concluded that the American military is at "significant risk" of being unable to prevail against enemies abroad in the manner that Pentagon war plans mandate.

It seems that empire building is a costly and risky business, and according to several polls that is certainly the conclusion of the American people, some of whom have to actually get into real tanks and fight in real wars in the Middle East and elsewhere.

Recent polls have indicated that the majority of Americans don't believe that the costs of the war in Iraq in terms of US dollars and casualties were worth fighting. That in turn should raise major constraints in the willingness of the Bush administration and Congress to launch new preemptive war and expand the empire.

But would it? In the short run one should expect the imperial project masquerading as the neocon narrative of freedom to continue its advance as long as the costs are perceived by Americans to be bearable.

But the combination of an over-stretched US military – the US army, for example, fell short of its recruiting objective in April, the third straight monthly deficit – as well as rising budget and trade deficits and a weakening US dollar are bound to have some effect on the policies pursued by Washington.

Interestingly, the notion of the US experiencing an "imperial over-stretch" as a result of growing costs, in the forms of rising military budgets and trade deficits, and of maintaining its hegemonic position was very popular in the late 1980s when it was promoted by such strategic thinkers as Paul Kennedy.

It seemed to have lost its appeal at a time when the American high-tech boom and stock market euphoria reduced budget deficits and a growing sense that Americans would be able to secure their military predominance without engaging in major wars.

But now things are starting to look different. Kennedy's thinking seemed to have reignited new interest as the US account deficit seems to be exploding, reflecting the growing defense spending and trade deficits, which are over 5 per cent of GDP.

In practical terms, that means the US needs to attract around a billion dollars a day so as to prevent a dollar collapse and keep interest rates low.

Were foreigners to decide to shift a portion of their dollars reserves into euros, the US could face an economic crisis. Now that could be a real "tipping point."

May 11, 2005

Leon Hadar [send him mail] is Washington correspondent for the Business Times of Singapore and the author of the forthcoming Sandstorm: Policy Failure in the Middle East (Palgrave Macmillan).

Copyright © 2005 Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission of the author.